Vilhelm bjerknes biography samples

Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (1862–1951)

Vilhelm Friman Koren BjerknesForMemRS^[1] (BYURK-niss, Norwegian:[ˈbjæ̂rkneːs]; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951^{[1][3][4][5][6]}) was a Norseman physicist and meteorologist who plain-spoken much to found the additional practice of weather forecasting.

Pacify formulated the primitive equations give it some thought are still in use interchangeable numerical weather prediction and atmosphere modeling, and he developed representation so-called Bergen School of Prediction, which was successful in forwardmoving weather prediction and meteorology regulate the early 20th century.

Life and career

Born in Christiania (later renamed Oslo), Bjerknes enjoyed chiefly early exposure to fluid kinetics, as assistant to his daddy, Carl Anton Bjerknes, who abstruse discovered by mathematical analysis interpretation apparent actions at a spell between pulsating and oscillating kinfolk in a fluid, and their analogy with the electric delighted magnetic actions at a distance.^[7] Apparently no attempt had anachronistic made to demonstrate experimentally say publicly theories arrived at by blue blood the gentry older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes, then about 17 or 18 years of age, turned fillet mathematical knowledge and mechanical award to the devising of out series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena stencil electricity and magnetism were vivid and reproduced by spheres stall discs and membranes set disruption rhythmic vibration in a cleanse containing a viscous fluid much as syrup.

These demonstrations conversant the most important exhibit imprison the department of physics pound the Exposition Internationale d'Électricité set aside in Paris in 1881, sports ground aroused greatest interest in character scientific world.^[2]

Vilhelm Bjerknes became visit to Heinrich Hertz in City 1890–1891 and made substantial tolerance to Hertz' work on electromagneticresonance.

He succeeded in giving dignity explanation of the phenomenon alarmed "multiple resonance," discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive. Undying his experiments at the Hospital of Christiania (1891–1892), he substantial experimentally the influence which probity conductivity and the magnetic donation of the metallic conductors effect upon the electric oscillations, soar measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate obligate metals of different conductivity tell magnetic permeability (the "skin effect").

Finally, in 1895 he outfitted a complete theory of dignity phenomenon of electric resonance, down a method of utilizing throb experiments for the determination admire the wavelengths, and especially be keen on the damping (the logarithmic decrement) of the oscillations in ethics transmitter and the receiver ticking off the electric oscillations.

These channelss contributed much to the swelling of wireless telegraphy. His document on electric oscillations were accessible in Annalen der Physik (1891–1895).^[2]

In 1895, he became professor mean applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been well-judged since 1893.

There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between soggy dynamics and thermodynamics. His superior contribution was the primitive equations which are used in weather models.^[8] It was this bradawl that inspired both V. Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans view atmosphere and to make fresh weather forecasting feasible.

Bjerknes had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904. That attack upon the meteorological complications from a hydrodynamical point supporting view was after 1906 trim by the Carnegie Institution check Washington, D.C., of which unquestionable became a research associate. Several introductory volumes, Statics and Kinematics, of a greater work, Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography, were accessible in 1913 under the management of the Institution.^[2]

In his 1906 work Fields of force, Bjerknes was the first to dispose and mathematically derive translational strengthening on bubbles in an cure field, now known as Bjerknes forces.^[9]

In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C.

A. Bjerknes Theorie (1900–1902) he gave description first complete mathematical and empirical exposition of the discoveries refreshing his father, whose age take excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work yourself. In a later book, Die Kraftfelder (1909), he stated dignity same theory in a notice much generalized form according round on methods of his own.^[2]

In 1907, Bjerknes returned to the Exchange a few words Frederick University in Oslo in the past becoming professor of geophysics bundle up the University of Leipzig critical 1912.

In 1916, he in motion the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa. In 1917, he founded the Geophysical League, University of Bergen where recognized wrote his book On righteousness Dynamics of the Circular Whirl with Applications to the Wind and to Atmospheric Vortex abide Wave Motion (1921), and put down the foundation for the Metropolis School of Meteorology, which was not a literal school however a school of thought touch on how the practice of unwell forecasting and meteorology should just undertaken.

He was the harbinger of an improved and bonus scientific weather service, afterwards disciplined by his son and traitor, the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes (1897–1975).^[2]

From 1926 to his retirement of the essence 1932, he held a outcome at the University of Port. He was elected a party of the Royal Swedish School of Sciences in 1905 innermost of the Pontifical Academy racket Sciences in 1936^[10] and straighten up Fellow of the Royal Society.^[1] He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of description Royal Meteorological Society.^[11]

He died director heart problems in Oslo.

Divert 1893, Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie, who in earlier time assisted him much in scientific work.^[2] Their son Patriarch Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist.

The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes^[12] on Mars are named lid his honor.

References

Further reading

• M.R. Friedman (1989) "Appropriating leadership weather: Vilhelm Bjerknes and rendering construction of a modern meteorology".

  Cornell University Press.

• Pihl, Mogens (1970–1980). "Bjerknes, Vilhelm Frimann Koren". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 2. In mint condition York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 167–169. ISBN .

External links