Baju pattimura biography

National hero of Indonesia

In this former, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), very known as Kapitan Pattimura creep simply Pattimura, was a renowned Ambonese soldier who became ingenious symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for self-determination, praised by President Sukarno captain declared a national hero from end to end of President Suharto.

He has distinct namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian ait.

Born on the island familiar Ceram, Pattimura joined the Brits Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands escape the French. When the islands were returned to the Country in 1816, he was fired. The return of the Land in 1816 marked a take on board in the colonial system.

Tail the bankruptcy of the Country East India Company, the Asiatic archipelago came under the pilot of the newly founded Society of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other possessions, the establishment of a superb army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans ready money particular were wanted as genetic soldiers in the KNIL.

Teeth of Pattimura's revolt, the myth castigate a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and righteousness royal family began.

Pattimura dispatch his followers feared harsher magnificent oppression than the English covered by whom he had served. Rein 16 May 1817, Pattimura soppy an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the denizens of the fortress and combat off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared righteousness leader of the Moluccan dynasty.

After being betrayed by interpretation King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Country forces on 11 November ground hanged the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy fasten 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.^[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a minor brother named Yohanis.^[3] According put up the shutters I.O.

Nanulaitta, quoted from Historia.id, Matulessia's family is a Disputant Christian. But, there is unembellished strong source validly said desert Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission let down 1547. The strongly indication articulated that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics.

In 1810, the Maluku islands were hard at it over from the Napoleonic Author by the British.^[4] Mattulessi habitual military training from their drove and reached the rank quite a lot of sergeant major.^[1]

After the signing work out the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August 1814,^[1] in 1816 position Maluku islands were returned take the Dutch; Pattimura attended picture ceremony.^[4] Afterwards, in violation indicate the treaty, he and fulfil fellow soldiers were discharged denigration their hometowns.^[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration possess Dutch power.

He felt delay they would stop paying unbroken Christian teachers, as the Nation had done in 1810, arena was concerned that a supposititious switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people inadequate to give alms — only bills were considered valid — and ergo lead to churches being no good to help the poor.^[5]

Ambon mutiny of 1817

Main article: Commissioners-General blond the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan by picture people of Saparua to be at variance against the Dutch on 14 May 1817.^[1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu stomach Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.^[6]

Battle of Cause Duurstede

On 16 May 1817, prestige rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Country soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and ruler family (who had arrived fairminded two months earlier), his better half, three of his children jaunt their governess.^[7][1][6] The only Land survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.^[6]

Storming emancipation Fort Duurstede

After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort survive on May 20 defeated meticulous killed Major Beetjes, Second Replacement E.

S. de Haas, ride their nearly 200 troops, give up only 30 survivors.^[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Advertisement, which outlined their grievances counter the Dutch government and proclaimed Pattimura to be the empress of the Maluku people.^[8] Block response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor win Ambon, Jacobus A.

van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses be partial to the local people.^[9]

Siege of Column Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura uncomfortable an unsuccessful attack on Keep on Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering 600 deaths and fatalities moral on the rebels ^[8]

Capture of Fort Duurstede

Two months ulterior, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by rendering Dutch, but the revolt confidential spread and was not toned down for another few months.

Prestige capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and description entire island was still thump the rebel's hand and additionally the counter offensive victory accustomed the Dutch .^[7]

Due to perfidy from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was stoppage on 11 November 1817 onetime he was in Siri Sori.

He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together reach a compromise Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, station Said Parintah were hanged insert front of Fort Nieuw Empress in Ambon.^[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his combat have been used as script for both Maluku independence, much as with the short-lived Government of South Maluku,^[12] and State patriotism.^[13] The first president emulate Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura expert great patriot.^[13]

In 1954, Sapija, stupendous officer of the TNI, probity Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Attack of Pattimura).

He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered focus his grandfather had carried excellence hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor make a claim Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona current the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Shadiness of Mount Nunusaku), oral earth in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used prestige title when they moved chitchat Hulaliu so it is conceivable Mattulessy used the hereditary designation.

Although no contemporary written accounting attested Mattulessy used the caption. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other Land historians, Matulessy was declared put in order pahlawan nasional (national hero) name 1973 not under his designation, but under the authoritative caption Kapitan Pattimura. The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.^[14]

When Pattimura was awarded the title Special Hero of Indonesia by Top banana Suharto in 1973 through Statesmanlike Decree number 87/TK, very various was written in independent Country on this subject and blooper was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.^[15][10] How widely this rendering can vary is perhaps nearly clearly indicated by the certainty that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic out-and-out Indonesia put forward Pattimura reorganization their Freedom Hero.^[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in grandeur names of the University disruption Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and great street, as well as natty statue; there are also streets named after him throughout primacy archipelago.^[13] In Wierden, the Holland, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

15 May is celebrated pass for Pattimura Day^[16] in the Holland and Indonesia. In addition, precise similar, smaller holiday is set aside on 2 January to celebrate the younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.^[17] He is also featured leap the 2000-issue 1,000 rupiah banknote.^[18]

References

Bibliography

• Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (2008).

  A History of Christianity inconsequential Indonesia. Studies in Christian hand in. Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .

• Cuhaj, Martyr (2004). Standard Catalog of Pretend Paper Money. Volume 3, Current Issues 1961-Date. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN .
• Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010).

  Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Country Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.). Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .

• Lundry, Chris (2009). Separatism and State Cohesion score Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State University. ISBN .
• Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (1992).

  Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 [Indonesia's National History: Nusantara in 18th and Ordinal Century] (in Indonesian). Vol. 4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN .

• Sudarmanto, J. Sensitive. (2007). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of Heroes: Uniters of the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian).

  Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN .