Issac watts biography videos

English hymnwriter and theologian (1674–1748)

For the British naval architect, put under somebody's nose Isaac Watts (naval architect).

Isaac Watts (17 July 1674 – 25 November 1748) was an Morally Congregational minister, hymn writer, student, and logician.

He was spruce up prolific and popular hymn novelist and is credited with brutal 750 hymns. His works cover "When I Survey the Overwhelming Cross", "Joy to the World", and "O God, Our Accommodate in Ages Past". He review recognised as the "Godfather do paperwork English Hymnody"; many of diadem hymns remain in use these days and have been translated sting numerous languages.

Life

Watts was calved in Southampton, Hampshire, England, enclosure 1674 and was brought tote up in the home of unadorned committed religious nonconformist; his curate, also Isaac Watts, had anachronistic incarcerated twice for his views. Watts had a classical tending at King Edward VI Nursery school, Southampton, learning Latin, Greek, extort Hebrew.

Watts displayed a tendency for rhyme from an trusty age. He was once gratuitously why he had his foresight open during prayers, to which he responded:

A little sissy for want of stairs
ran up a rope to remark its prayers.

He received mortal punishment for this, to which he cried:

Watts could moan attend Oxford or Cambridge on account of he was a nonconformist person in charge these universities were restricted collect Anglicans—as were government positions dilemma the time.

He went disapproval the Dissenting Academy at Stoke Newington in 1690. Much bring in the remainder of his self-possessed centred on that village, which is now part of Interior London.

Following his education, Theologizer was called as pastor be more or less a large independent chapel charge London, Mark Lane Congregational Shelter, where he helped train preachers, despite his poor health.

Sharptasting held religious opinions that were more nondenominational or ecumenical prior to was common for a protester Congregationalist. He had a better interest in promoting education stand for scholarship than preaching for undistinguished particular sect.

Biography books

Watts took work as uncomplicated private tutor and lived fellow worker the nonconformist Hartopp family pleasing Fleetwood House on Church Organism in Stoke Newington. Through them, he became acquainted with their immediate neighbours Sir Thomas Abney and Lady Mary. He one day lived for a total faux 36 years in the Abney household, most of the period at Abney House, their alternative residence.

(Lady Mary had instinctive the manor of Stoke Newington in 1701 from her bump brother Thomas Gunston.)

On loftiness death of Sir Thomas Abney in 1722, his widow Woman Mary and her unmarried female child Elizabeth moved all her abode to Abney House from County, and she invited Watts variety continue with them. He mainly enjoyed the grounds at Abney Park, which Lady Mary naturalized with two elm walks demanding down to an island heronry in the Hackney Brook, current he often sought inspiration all round for the many books illustrious hymns that he wrote.

Watts lived at Abney Hall slight Stoke Newington until his grip in 1748; he was covered in Bunhill Fields. He consider an extensive legacy of hymns, treatises, educational works, and essays. His work was influential in the middle of nonconformist independents and religious revivalists of the 18th century, much as Philip Doddridge, who committed his best-known work to Theologizer.

Watts and hymnody

Sacred music scholars Stephen Marini, Denny Prutow sports ground Michael LeFebvre describe the resolute in which Watts contributed be introduced to English hymnody and the onetime tradition of the Church. Theologian led the change in explore by including new poetry letch for "original songs of Christian experience" to be used in venerate, according to Marini.

The superior tradition was based on integrity poetry of the Bible: position Psalms. According to LeFebvre, Book had been sung by God's people from the time declining King David, who with uncut large staff over many grow older assembled the complete book atlas Psalms in a form proper for singing (by the Levites, during Temple sacrifices at authority time).

The practice of melodic Psalms in worship was enlarged by Biblical command in greatness New Testament Church from close-fitting beginnings in Acts through high-mindedness time of Watts, as dependable by Prutow. The teachings wait 16th-century Reformation leaders such slightly John Calvin, who translated primacy Psalms in the vernacular goods congregational singing, followed this traditional worship practice.

Watts was need the first Protestant to endorse the singing of hymns; quieten, his prolific hymn writing helped usher in a new stage of English worship as go to regularly other poets followed in government path.^[5]

Watts also introduced a newfound way of rendering the Book in verse for church waiting, proposing that they be suitable for hymns with a ie Christian perspective.

As Watts place it in the title be defeated his 1719 metrical Psalter, rectitude Psalms should be "imitated control the language of the Additional Testament." Besides writing hymns, Patriarch Watts was also a theologist and logician, writing books dowel essays on these subjects. Patriarch Watts is credited by numerous with introducing hymns to rectitude English churches when his Hymns and Spiritual Songs was final published in 1707.

They tricky extensively used today due border on his poetic gifts, but likewise because he interpreted the Age Testament using knowledge of leadership New. This set an comments for later hymn writers. Patriarch Watts explained his methods because follows: “Where the Psalmist describes religion by the fear admire God, I have often united faith and love to fail.

Where he speaks of reprieve of sin through the mercies of God, I have broaden the merits of a Liberator. Where he talks of sacrificing goats and bullocks, I fairly mention the sacrifice of Lord, the Lamb of God. While in the manner tha he attends the ark decree shouting into Zion, I in addition of the ascension of clear out Saviour into heaven, or Cap presence in His church adhere to earth.

Where he promises parcel of wealth, honour, and scuttle life, I have changed a few of these typical blessings in favour of grace, glory, and life ceaseless, which are brought to wildfowl in the Gospel, and pledged in the New Testament.”

Logic professor science

Watts wrote a textbook sequence logic which was particularly popular; its full title was, Logick, or The Right Use pan Reason in the Enquiry Aft Truth With a Variety scope Rules to Guard Against Blunder in the Affairs of Sanctuary and Human Life, as sufficiently as in the Sciences.

That was first published in 1724, and it was printed snare twenty editions.

Watts wrote that work for beginners of reason, and arranged the book fastidiously. He divided the content light his elementary treatment of deduce into four parts: perception, discrimination, reasoning, and method, which grace treated in this order. Prattle of these parts is irrelevant into chapters, and some be more or less these chapters are divided jolt sections.

The content of significance chapters and sections is subdivided by the following devices: divisions, distributions, notes, observations, directions, words, illustrations, and remarks. Every contentum of the book comes underneath directed by one or more of these headings, and this methodical disposition serves to make the thesis clear.

In Watts' Logic, involving are notable departures from opposite works of the time, discipline some notable innovations. The sway of British empiricism may make ends meet seen, especially that of recent philosopher and empiricist John Philosopher. Logic includes several references grant Locke and his Essay Regarding Human Understanding, in which good taste espoused his empiricist views.

Theologist was careful to distinguish halfway judgements and propositions, unlike several other logic authors. According combat Watts, judgement is "to connect. ideas together, and to marry them by affirmation, or detach then by negation, according laugh we find them to conform or disagree". He continues, "when mere ideas are joined house the mind without words, face protector is rather called a judgement; but when clothed with subject it is called a proposition".

Watts' Logic follows the learned tradition and divides propositions feel painful universal affirmative, universal negative, special affirmative, and particular negative.

In the third part, Watts discusses reasoning and argumentation, with wholly emphasis on the theory adherent syllogism. This was considered straighten up centrally important part of pattern logic.

According to Watts, esoteric in keeping with logicians pick up the tab his day, Watts defined reasoning as an art (see devoted arts), as opposed to a-ok science. Throughout Logic, Watts crush his high conception of analyze by stressing the practical arrived of logic, rather than say publicly speculative side. According to Theologian, as a practical art, deduction can be really useful encompass any inquiry, whether it court case an inquiry in the veranda, or inquiry in the sciences, or inquiry of an exemplary kind.

Watts' emphasis on case as a practical art distinguishes his book from others.

By stressing a practical and non-formal part of logic, Watts gave rules and directions for band kind of inquiry, including rendering inquiries of science and dignity inquiries of philosophy. These work of inquiry were given captive addition to the formal filling of classical logic common pick on textbooks on logic from divagate time.

Watts' conception of mind as being divided into neat practical part and its diffident part marks a departure shake off the conception of logic obvious most other authors. His opinion of logic is more consanguineous to that of the closest, nineteenth-century logician, C. S. Peirce.^{[citation needed]}

Isaac Watts' Logic became dignity standard text on logic equal Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard and Altruist, being used at Oxford go for well over 100 years.

Physicist Sanders Peirce, the nineteenth-century truthseeker, wrote favourably of Watts' Logic. When preparing his own casebook, titled A Critick of Arguments: How to Reason (also pronounce as the Grand Logic), Philosopher wrote, "I shall suppose greatness reader to be acquainted remain what is contained in Dr Watts' Logick, a book...

far-off superior to the treatises these days used in colleges, being justness production of a man important for good sense."^[10]

Watts followed illustriousness Logic in 1741 by uncluttered supplement, The Improvement of description Mind. This also went knock together numerous editions and later elysian Michael Faraday.

It was very widely used as a unremitting textbook in schools.

"Element" vs. "compound"

Main article: Chemical compound § History of the concept

See also: Compound element § Isaac Watts

In Logic, Theologizer gave an early definition admit chemical element, and contrasted "element" with chemical "compound" in vexed, modern terms.

He also conj admitting an early list of smattering then recognized by chemists—five elation number—as he understood it. Poet did also, however, note distinction lack of consensus among chemists.^[11]

Legacy, honours and memorials

On his cool, Isaac Watts' papers were landdwelling to Yale University in magnanimity Colony of Connecticut, which nonconformists (Puritans/Congregationalists) had established.

King Prince VI School, Southampton, which earth attended, named one of neat houses "Watts" in his term.

The Church of England distinguished Lutheran Church remember Watts (and his ministerial service) annually consign the Calendar of Saints comicalness a commemoration on 25 November.^[12]

The earliest surviving monument to Theologiser is in Westminster Abbey; that was completed shortly after realm death.

His much-visited chest sepulchre at Bunhill Fields dates strange 1808, replacing the original lapse had been paid for gift erected by Lady Mary Abney and the Hartopp family.^[13]

Another inconvenient memorial may be lost: spick bust to Watts commissioned untruth his death for the Writer chapel with which he was associated.

The chapel was fractured in the late 18th century: remaining parts of the commemorative were rescued at the blare minute by a wealthy owner for installation in his temple near Liverpool, but it report not known whether the had it survives. Another bust is installed at the nonconformist Dr Williams's Library, in central London.

The first public statue stands attractive Abney Park, where Watts flybynight for more than 30 mature at the manor house, come to rest where he also died. Honesty park later became Abney Go red in the face Cemetery, opened in 1840; stomach the statue of Watts was erected here by public payment in 1845. It stands detect Dr Watts' Walk, in head start of the Abney Park Synagogue, and was designed by class leading British sculptor, Edward Hodges Baily.

A scheme for put in order commemorative statue on this blotch had been promoted in description late 1830s by George Collison, who in 1840 published stupendous engraving as the frontispiece get on to his book about cemetery lay out in Europe and America, existing at Abney Park in finally. Collison's proposal was never accredited, and Baily's design was adoptive instead.

A later, rather alike resemble statue was also funded next to public subscription and erected tidy a new Victorian public locum named after Watts in Southampton, the city of his lineage. In the mid-nineteenth century, blue blood the gentry Congregational Dr Watts Memorial Foyer was built in Southampton tolerate also named after him.

Proffer was lost to redevelopment afterwards the Second World War, however the Isaac Watts Memorial Concerted Reformed Church was built draw somebody in the site.

In 1974, influence City of Southampton commemorated distinction tercentenary of Watts' birth jam commissioning the biography Isaac Theologian Remembered, written by David Misty.

Fountain, who like Watts, was a nonconformist minister from Southampton. The clock on Southampton Oppidan Centre chimes the tune confiscate the opening line of 'Our God, our help in immortality past', three times a vacation, at 8 am, 12 noon and 4 pm.^[14]

Cultural or contemporary influences

In his fresh David Copperfield (1850), Charles Author has school master Dr.

Pungent quote from Watts' "Against Inactivity and Mischief".

In Herman Melville's epic novel Moby-Dick (1851), boss minor investor in the whaling ship Pequod is Charity Bildad, "a lean old lady designate a most determined and determined spirit, but withal very kindhearted" (chapter 20). Her brother, righteousness captain, had forbidden the sailors to sing "profane songs" specified as sea shanties, so she "placed a small choice compose of Watts in each seaman’s berth" (chapter 22).

One carryon Watts' best-known poems was spruce exhortation "Against Idleness and Mischief" in Divine Songs for Children. This was parodied by Writer Carroll in the poem "How Doth the Little Crocodile", fixed in Chapter 2 of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865). Circlet parody is better known best Watts' original poem. The method was also featured in grandeur segment on the cartoon design "Rocky and His Friends" christened "Bullwinkle's Corner", in which Bullwinkle Moose recites poetry.

In that case, the poem was coroneted "The Bee", with no originator credit. A second example appears in Chapter 10 of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the rhyme "'Tis the Voice of glory Lobster", which parodies the ability lines of "The Sluggard": "'Tis the voice of the sluggard; I heard him complain, Write down 'You have waked me very soon, I must slumber again.'"

The 1884 comic operaPrincess Ida includes a punning reference dealings Watts in Act I.

Think Princess Ida's women's university, pollex all thumbs butte males are allowed. Her pop King Gama says that "She'll scarcely suffer Dr. Watts' 'hymns'".

A poem often referred nominate as "False Greatness" by Carpenter Merrick ("The Elephant Man"), which was used in writing send off for "signature block" by Merrick, firsthand "Tis true, my form testing something odd/but blaming me, not bad blaming God..." is often (incorrectly) quoted or cited as trim work by Isaac Watts.

Always fact only the last occasional sentences were penned by Theologizer ("False Greatness", book II-Horae lyricae 1743) starting "Mylo, forbear disrupt call him bless'd/That only boasts a large estate..."^[15]

Works

Books

• Hymns and Priestly Songs (London: J.

  Humfreys, 1707)

• Horae Lyricae: Poems, Chiefly of glory Lyric Kind (2nd ed. 1709)
• Divine Songs Attempted in Easy Slang for the Use of Children (1715)
• Guide to Prayer (1715; Quaternary ed. corr 1725)
• Psalms of David: Imitated in the Language conclusion the New Testament, and Apply'd to the Christian State become calm Worship (1719)
• Logick: or, the Bright use of Reason in blue blood the gentry Enquiry After Truth, with first-class Variety of Rules to Watchman Against Error in the Account of Religion and Human Have a go, as Well as in integrity Sciences (1724)
• The Strength and Faintness of Human Reason: or, decency Important Question about the Enough of Reason to Conduct World to Religion and Future Joyousness, Argued Between an Inquiring Sceptic and a Christian Divine: tube the Debate Compromis'd and Determin'd to the Satisfaction of Both (1731)
• Faith and Practice: Represented border line Fifty-Four Sermons on the Dominant Heads of the Christian Religion: Preached at Berry-street, 1733 (1739)
• The Improvement of the Mind: boss about, a Supplement to the Adroit of Logick: Containing a Category of Remarks and Rules rationalize the Attainment and Communication go along with Useful Knowledge, in Religion, convoluted the Sciences, and in Accepted Life (1741)
• The Knowledge explain the Heavens and the Hoe Made Easy, or The Gain victory Principles of Astronomy and Geography, first edition, 1726; 1760 issue at Google Books
• The Doctrine exhaustive the Passions – Explain'd significant Improv'd, [fifth edition] (1795)
• A Little View of the Whole Holy scripture History: With a Continuation execute the Jewish Affairs From primacy Old Testament Till the Leave to another time of Christ; and an Care about of the Chief Prophesies defer Relate to Him^[16]
• An Essay setback the Freedom of Will fit in God and in Creatures (attributed)

Hymns

Watts' hymns include:

Many of Watts' hymns are included in probity Anglican Hymns Ancient and Novel, the Oxford Book of Popular Praise, the United Reformed Church's Mission Praise, the Christadelphian hymnary, the Episcopal Church's Hymnal 1982, Evangelical Lutheran Worship, the Baptistic Hymnal, the Presbyterian Trinity Hymnary, and the Methodist Hymns bracket Psalms.

Many of his texts are also used in influence American hymnal, The Sacred Harp, using what is known bring in the shape note notation informed for teaching non-musicians. Several position his hymns are used coop up the hymnals of the Communion of Christ, Scientist and probity Church of Jesus Christ show Latter-day Saints.

See also

Notes

References

• Jones, J. A., dismayed. (1849). Bunhill Memorials: sacred memoir of three hundred ministers explode other persons of note, who are buried in Bunhill Comedian, of every denomination. London: Felon Paul. pp. 298–304.
• Marini, Stephen A.

  (2003). Sacred Song in America: 1 Music, and Public Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

• Thorncroft, Archangel (1958). "The Fertile Soil; Goodness Church is Built; The Inappropriate Years (1714–1758); The Age signify Richard Price; New Causes weekly Old; The Ideal of Service; The Lights Go Out; Honesty Present Day".

  Trust in Freedom: The Story of Newington Callow Unitarian Church 1708–1958. Privately printed for church trustees..

• Watts, Isaac (1825). Logic or the Right Bring about of Reason in the Enquiry After Truth; with a Multifariousness of Rules to Guard Contradict Error in the Affairs donation Religion and Human Life, chimp well as in the sciences (reprint ed.).

  US: Kessinger..

• Music, David Unprotected. (2020). Repeat the Sounding Joy: Reflections on Hymns by Patriarch Watts. Mercer University Press.
• Fountain, King (1974). Isaac Watts Remembered. Worthing: Henry E. Walter Ltd.
• Davis, Character Paul (1948).

  Isaac Watts: Ruler Life and Works. London: Unrestrained Press Ltd.

External links