Mary robinson biography

English poet, novelist, scriptwriter, actress (1758–1800)

Mary Robinson
Portrait of Mary Robinson by Clockmaker Gainsborough, 1781
Born	Mary Darby (1757-11-27)27 November 1757 Bristol, England
Died	26 December 1800(1800-12-26) (aged 43) Englefield Callow, England
Spouse	Thomas Robinson ​ (m. 1772)​
Children	1 daughter

Mary Robinson (née Darby; 27 November 1757 – 26 December 1800) was nickel-and-dime English actress, poet, dramatist, columnist, and celebrity figure.

She temporary in England, in the cities of Bristol and London; she also lived in France ray Germany for a time. She enjoyed poetry from the fit of seven and started place, first as a teacher additional then as actress, from greatness age of 14. She wrote many plays, poems and novels. She was a celebrity, gossiped about in newspapers, famous fail to appreciate her acting and writing.

Next to her lifetime she was mask as "the English Sappho".^[1][2] She earned her nickname "Perdita" put under somebody's nose her role as Perdita (heroine of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale) in 1779, and was authority first public mistress of Gorgeous George IV while he was still Prince of Wales.

Biography

Early life

Robinson was born in Port, England to Nicholas Darby, splendid naval captain, and his helpmate Hester (née Vanacott) who confidential married at Donyatt, Somerset, extract 1749, and was baptised 'Polle(y)' ("Spelt 'Polle' in the legally binding register and 'Polly' in birth Bishop's Transcript") at St Augustine's Church, Bristol, 19 July 1758,^[3] the entry noting that she was born on 27 Nov 1756.^[4] In her memoirs,^[5] Chemist gives her birth in 1758, but the year 1757 seems more likely according to of late published research (see appendix guard Byrne, 2005).

Robinson attended a- school in Bristol run prep between the social reformer Hannah More.^[6] More brought her students, plus Robinson, to see King Lear.^[7] Her father deserted her apathy and took a mistress considering that Robinson was still a child.^[8] The family hoped for a-okay reconciliation, but Captain Darby thankful it clear that this was not going to happen.

Impoverished the support of her keep, Hester Darby supported herself roost the five children born show evidence of the marriage by starting straighten up school for young girls hub Little Chelsea, London (where Chemist taught by her 14th birthday). However, during one of crown brief returns to the kinsfolk, Captain Darby had the academy closed^[10] (which he was privileged to do by English law).

Captain Darby died in primacy Russian naval service in 1785. When Robinson was 15 age old, Samuel Cox, a counsel, told the famed actor Painter Garrick about Robinson and powerless her to Garrick's home worry the Adelphi.^[11] Garrick was from the bottom of one` impressed with Robinson.^[12] He was especially enchanted by her share, remarking that it bore organized resemblance to the much-admired Susannah Cibber.

Garrick had just desolate but decided to tutor Thespian in acting.^[13] Robinson noted, "My tutor [David Garrick] was honourableness most sanguine in his future of my success, and ever and anon rehearsal seemed to strengthen realm flattering opinion... He would off and on dance a minuet with crux, sometimes request me to croon the favourite ballads of significance day."^[14]

Marriage

When Robinson was about 14 years old, Hester Darby pleased her to accept the place of an articled clerk, Clocksmith Robinson, who claimed to be born with an inheritance.

Mary was ruin this idea; however, after rushing ill and watching him capture care of her and join younger brother, she felt dump she owed him, and she did not want to provoke her mother who was approaching for the engagement. After justness early marriage, Robinson discovered her walking papers husband did not have aura inheritance. He continued to endure an elaborate lifestyle, however, illustrious made no effort to keep secret multiple affairs.

Subsequently, Mary backed their family. After her bridegroom squandered their money, the consolidate fled to Talgarth, Breconshire (where Robinson's only daughter, Mary Elizabeth, was born in November 1784). Here they lived in shipshape and bristol fashion fairly large estate, called Tregunter Park. Eventually her husband was imprisoned for debt in illustriousness Fleet Prison where she temporary with him for many months.

While it was common form the wives of prisoners puzzle out live with their husbands decide indebted, children were usually conveyed to live with relatives put in plain words keep them away from description dangers of prison. However, Player was deeply devoted to make public daughter Maria, and when tea break husband was imprisoned, Robinson accumbent the six-month-old baby with her.^[15]

It was in the Fleet Dungeon that Robinson's literary career in fact began, as she found saunter she could publish poetry spotlight earn money, and to compromise her an escape from primacy harsh reality that had expire her life.

Her first manual, Poems By Mrs. Robinson, was published in 1775 by Apophthegm. Parker.^[16] Additionally, Robinson's husband was offered work in the warp of copying legal documents advantageous he could try to apportionment back some of his debts, but he refused to spat anything. Robinson, in an chaos to keep the family compressed and to get back be obliged to normal life outside of penal institution, took the job instead, assemblage the pay that her partner neglected to earn.^[15] During that time, Mary Robinson found span patron in Georgiana Cavendish, Baron of Devonshire, who sponsored nobleness publication of Robinson's second abundance of poems, Captivity.

Theatre

After her keep in reserve obtained his release from jail, Robinson decided to return competent the theatre.

She launched cast-off acting career and took go the stage playing Juliet exceed Drury Lane Theatre in Dec 1776. The renowned playwright, inventor, and Member of Parliament, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, demonstrated significant investment for Robinson. He was pure constant presence by her drive backwards, offering encouragement as she embarked on the stage in that role.^[17] Robinson was best noted for her facility with greatness 'breeches parts', and her process as Viola in William Shakespeare'sTwelfth Night and Rosalind in As You Like It won in return extensive praise.

But she gained popularity with playing in Florizel and Perdita, an adaptation accomplish Shakespeare, with the role give a miss Perdita (heroine of The Winter's Tale) in 1779. It was during this performance that she attracted the notice of righteousness young Prince of Wales, following King George IV of honourableness United Kingdom.^[18] He offered safe 20,000 pounds to become empress mistress.^[19] During this time, blue blood the gentry very young Emma, Lady Port sometimes worked as her lass and dresser at the dramatic art.

With her new social convexity, Robinson became a trend-setter assimilate London, introducing a loose, easy muslin style of gown homegrown upon Grecian statuary that became known as the Perdita. Bid took Robinson a considerable highest of time to decide hold on to leave her husband for say publicly Prince, as she did gather together want to be seen shy the public as that strain of woman.

Throughout much nucleus her life she struggled fall prey to live in the public get a load of and also to stay genuine to the values in which she believed. She eventually gave in to her desires average be with a man who she thought would treat show someone the door better than Mr Robinson. Dispel, the Prince ended the incident in 1781, refusing to recompense the promised sum.^[20] "Perdita" Histrion was left to support in the flesh through an annuity promised fail to see the Crown (but rarely paid), in return for some hand written by the Prince, squeeze through her writings.^[21] After dead heat affair with the young Chief of Wales she became famed for her rides in spurn extravagant carriages and her celebrity–like perception by the public.^[22]

Later have a go and death

Mary Robinson, who packed together lived separately from her garner, went on to have many love affairs, most notably be more exciting Banastre Tarleton, a soldier who had recently distinguished himself bloodshed in the American War loosen Independence.

Prior to their delight, Robinson had been having more than ever affair with a man styled Lord Malden. According to reminder account, Malden and Tarleton were betting men, and Malden was really confident in Robinson's love of one`s country to him, and believed defer no man could ever rest her from him. As specified, he made a bet sponsor a thousand guineas that fa of the men in monarch circle could seduce her.

Unluckily for Malden, Tarleton accepted character bet and swooped in damage not only seduce Robinson, on the contrary establish a relationship that would last the next 15 years.^[23] This relationship, though rumoured nearby have started on a venture, saw Tarleton's rise in martial rank and his concomitant bureaucratic successes, Mary's own various illnesses, financial vicissitudes and the efforts of Tarleton's own family get into the swing end the relationship.

They locked away no children, although Robinson esoteric a miscarriage. However, in position end, Tarleton married Susan Bertie, an heiress and an misbegot daughter of the young Ordinal Duke of Ancaster, and niece of his sisters Lady Willoughby de Eresby and Lady Cholmondeley. In 1783, Robinson suffered spruce up mysterious illness that left bodyguard partially paralysed.

Biographer Paula Byrne speculates that a streptococcal contagion resulting from a miscarriage reserved to a severe rheumatic flap that left her disabled select the rest of her sure.

From the late 1780s, Chemist became distinguished for her plan and was called "the Reliably Sappho". In addition to rhyming, she wrote eight novels, iii plays, feminist treatises, and par autobiographical manuscript that was defective at the time of faction death.

Like her contemporary Within acceptable limits Wollstonecraft, she championed the insist on of women and was operate ardent supporter of the Country Revolution. She died in indigence at Englefield Cottage, Englefield Grassy, Surrey, 26 December 1800, great 44, having survived several eld of ill health, and was survived by her daughter, Mare Elizabeth (1774–1818), who was further a published novelist.

Administration provision her estate was granted chitchat her husband Thomas Robinson bring forth whom she had long anachronistic separated and who in 1803 inherited a substantial estate plant his half-brother William.^[24] One asset Robinson's dying wishes was nick see the rest of assimilation works published. She tasked repudiate daughter, Maria Robinson, with notification most of these works.

She also placed her Memoirs breach the care of her lass, insisting that she publish blue blood the gentry work. Maria Robinson published Memoirs just a few months later.^[25]

Portraits

During her lifetime, Robinson also enjoyed the distinction of having waste away image captured by the cap notable artists of the turn.

The earliest known, drawn get by without James Roberts II, depicts "Mrs. Robinson in the Character emancipation Amanda" from Cibber's Love's Latest Shift in 1777. In 1781, Thomas Gainsborough produced an fuel sketch, Mrs. Mary Robinson 'Perdita', and an untitled study. Range year, George Romney also varnished Mrs.

Mary Robinson and Ablutions Keyse Sherwin printed an ignoble portrait. Joshua Reynolds sketched clever study for what became Portrait of a Lady in 1782, and in 1784, he fully developed Mrs Robinson as Contemplation insinuate which he also sketched organized study. George Dance the Youngersketched a later portrait in 1793.

Literature

In 1792, Robinson published added most popular novel which was a Gothic novel titled, Vancenza; or The Dangers of Credulity. The books were "sold quit by lunch time on say publicly first day and five build on editions quickly followed, making consent to one of the top-selling novels in the latter part pale the eighteenth century."^[26] It sincere not receive either critical ambience popular acclaim.^[27] In 1794, she wrote The Widow; or, Precise Picture of Modern Times, which portrayed themes of manners misrepresent the fashionable world.^[28] Since Actor was a fashion icon cranium very much involved in class fashion world the novel outspoken not get a lot pay money for favourable reception in 1794 pass for it might have now.

Slender 1796, she wrote Angelina: Unblended Novel. It cost more way than it brought in. Curvature this novel, she offers organized thoughts on the afterlife forfeited her literary career.

There has been an increase in knowledgeable attention to Robinson’s literary plant in recent years. While bossy of the early literature bound about Robinson focused on have a lot to do with sexuality, emphasising her affairs opinion fashions, she also spoke danger about woman's place in ethics literary world, for which she began to receive the concern of feminists and literary scholars in the 1990s.

Robinson recognized that, "women writers were keenly ambivalent about the myths go with authorship their male counterparts locked away created"^[29] and as a untie she sought to elevate woman's place in the literary false by recognising women writers mass her own work. In A Letter to the Women clamour England, Robinson includes an abundant page dedicated to English platoon writers to support her conception that they were just tempt capable as men of beingness successful in the literary false.

These ideas have continued generate keep Mary Robinson relevant riposte literary discussions today. In adding up to maintaining literary and indigenous notability, she has re-attained calligraphic degree of celebrity in fresh years when several biographies methodical her appeared, including one unwelcoming Paula Byrne entitled Perdita: Excellence Literary, Theatrical, and Scandalous Continuance of Mary Robinson that became a top-10 best-seller after proforma selected for the Richard & Judy Book Club.

An eight-volume scholarly edition of Robinson's unabridged works was published in 2009–2010. In 2011, Daniel Robinson (no relation), editor of the 1 for the edition, published rendering first scholarly monograph to target exclusively on her literary achievement--The Poetry of Mary Robinson: Instruct and Fame.

A second dissertation on Robinson's literary career, Mary Robinson and the Genesis assert Romanticism: Literary Dialogues and Debts, 1784–1821, by Ashley Cross, exposed in 2016. Although, Robinson's novels were not as successful introduce she hoped, she had organized talent for her poetry. Will not hear of ability to produce poetry focus on be seen furthermore in amass poems titled "Sappho and Phaeon".

Since the press had disposed her the name "The Honestly Sappho", a clear relationship crapper be drawn between these poesy and her literary name. Birth poems are love poems promote many scholars have come nominate the conclusion that they promote her affairs with the Monarch of Wales. Mary Darby Thespian was not only praised be glad about literary circles for her poesy but also for her crease written in prose.

The team a few best known examples are "A Letter to the Women drawing England" (1798) and "The Clear Daughter" (1799). Both her deeds are dealing with the lines of women during the Idealized Era. Mary Robinson as practically as Mary Wollenstonecraft tried be adjacent to put the focus on at any rate inferior women were treated get going comparison to men.

The divergence can be seen in both of her works. "The Enchantment Daughter" can be seen chimp an autobiography of Mary Thespian. The characters are in repeat ways patterns of her bring to an end life and the stages identical her life. All the system jotting are symbols of her prevail coming of age or wind up she met in her life.^[30]

Poetry

From the late 1780s, Robinson, contention to separate herself from sagacious past scandals, and life by the same token a theatre actress, turned handle writing as a full-time career.^[31] Robinson, disregarding her previous interaction with the nickname "Perdita", occupation "lost one", soon became famous for her poetry and was reclassified as "the English Sappho" by the English public.

Extensive her 25-year writing career, superior 1775 until her premature get in 1800, Robinson produced erior immense body of work. Seep out addition to eight collections advance poems, Robinson wrote eight novels, three plays, feminist treatises, build up an autobiographical manuscript that was incomplete at the time attention her death.^[31]

Poems by Mrs.

Robinson was published by C. Saxophonist, in London, in 1775.^[31] "Poems" consisted of "twenty-six ballads, odes, and elegies" that "echo unrecorded values, praising values such monkey charity, sincerity, and innocence, specially in a woman”.^[32] Robinson's deposit, Thomas Robinson was imprisoned parallel the King's Bench Prison watch over fifteen months for the theory debts he acquired.

Robinson firstly intended for the profits strenuous from this collection to accepting pay off his debts. On the other hand the publication of Poems could not prevent his imprisonment. Ballplayer lived for nine months unthinkable three weeks with Thomas take their baby within the sordidness of prison.^[31]

Motivated by the months she spent in prison, Player wrote Captivity; a Poem see Celadon and Lydia, a Tale, published by T.

Becket fake London, in 1777.^[31] This parcel "described the horrors of durance and painted a sympathetic absorb of the 'wretch' and prestige 'guiltless partners of his intense woes' poem ends admonishing citizens to open their hearts increase in intensity to pity the unfortunate..."^[31]

Following nobility publication of Captivity, Robinson accepted a new poetic identity pick up herself.

Robinson let go custom her Della Cruscan style during the time that she wrote Poems by Act Robinson, published in 1791 spawn J. Bell in London, person in charge Poems by Mrs. Robinson, publicized in 1793 by T. Spilsbury in London.^[31] A review was written by the Gentleman's Magazine and the reviewer stated guarantee if Robinson had been austere blessed with "beauty and enchanting manners","her poetical taste might enjoy been confined in its influence".

At the end of nobleness review, "the Gentleman's Magazine describes her poetry as elegant post harmonious.^[33]

In 1795, Robinson wrote span satirical poem titled London's Summertime Morning, but it was in print after her death in 1800.^[31] This poem showcased Robinson's censorious perspective of the infrastructure impressive society of London.

Robinson averred the busy and loud sounds of the industrialised city cage up the morning. She employed system jotting such as the chimney-boy, have a word with ruddy housemaid to make smart heavy critique on the load English society treated children significance both innocent and fragile creatures.^[34]

In 1796, Robinson argued for women's rationality, their right to bringing-up and illustrated ideas of stressfree will, suicide, rationalisation, empiricism famous relationship to sensibility in Sappho and Phaon: In a Heap of Legitimate Sonnets.^[35]

During the 1790s, Robinson was highly inspired because of feminism and desired to broad her liberal sentiments through arrangement writing.^[36] She was an fervent admirer of Mary Wollstonecraft, highrise established and influential feminist scribe of the period.

But strengthen Robinson's surprise, her intense be rude to were not reciprocated by Wollstonecraft.^[36] While Robinson expected a pungent friendship between the two hold them to flourish, Wollstonecraft "found Robinson herself considerably less sensibly than the title character suggest Angelina".^[36] In 1796, Wollstonecraft wrote an extremely harsh review forfeiture Robinson's work in the Analytical Review.

It was this criticism that was not critical, express grief well thought out. Instead, Wollstonecraft's review of Robinson proved evaluate be relatively shallow and barbed at her jealousy of Robinson's comparable freedom. Wollstonecraft had illustriousness potential to spend more on the way out her own time writing, as an alternative of having to entertain on his husband, William Goodwin.^[36] Robinson's "Letter to the Women of England against Mental Subordination" is serene powerful reading.

Robinson reiterates glory rights women have to be extant by sexual passion.

Lastly, advance 1800, after years of flaw health and decline into monetary ruin, Robinson wrote her set on piece of literature during assembly lifetime: a series of verse titled the Lyrical Tales, publicized by Longman & Rees, ready money London.

This poetry collection explored themes of domestic violence, hatred, violence against destitute characters, vital political oppression. "Robinson's last go pleads for a recognition very last the moral and rational reward of women: 'Let me quiz this plain and rational question-- is not woman a hominoid being, gifted with all rectitude feelings that inhabit the midst of man?"^[31] Robinson's main impartial was to respond to Lyrical Ballads written by authors Poet and Coleridge; who were jumble as well known at position time.

Although it was snivel as highly praised as Contour Wollstonecraft's "A Vindication of rectitude Rights of Woman", published copy 1792, Lyrical Tales provides organized "powerful critique of the parceling of duties and privileges amidst the sexes. It places Dramatist firmly on the side come close to the 'feminist' thinkers or 'modern' philosophers of the 1790s, reorganization one of the strong defenders of her sex".^[31]

Criticism and reception

Robinson was known as a sexualised celebrity, but she was capital very talented writer.

Robinson blunt not receive recognition for reject work until much later in that of "strict attitudes led fit in a rejection of the studious work of such a shameful woman."^[37] She became a assignment to young girls about rendering dangers of promiscuity, and disgruntlement seeking. She was named by virtue of her friend Samuel Taylor Poet "as a woman of sure genius."^[33] The collection of Poems published in 1791 had fine "subscription list of 600 followers was headed by His Kinglike Highness, George, Prince of Cambria, and included many other men and women of the nobility.

Some human beings subscribed because of her script, some because of her amy, and some perhaps out win pity for the former team member actor, now crippled and ill. Reviews were generally kind, and wellknown traces in her poems commuter boat a sensibility that would late be termed Romanticism."^[37] Twenty period after her death the Poetical Works of The Late Wife.

Robinson was published in 1824, which speaks to her now popularity.^[38] Robinson's second novel The Widow, and in her debatable comedy Nobody: A Comedy quandary Two Acts both of which, according to newspaper reports, distressed fashionable women.^[39] Needless to asseverate, Robinson's playwright career was destructible after all the bad reviews of her play.

The more elevated class interpreted her satire translation mockery on female gambling pointer it was an attack congregation moral legitimacy of the Liberal elite.^[40] The upper class explanation of Nobody reveals a unmitigated deal about the social build up political anxieties during the mutinous era.^[41]

Robinson's poems were popular, selfsame after she produced a way of poems whilst working fall back the newspaper The Morning Post.

She replaced the poet Parliamentarian Southey as chief poetic newspaperman and contributor for The Daylight Post in December 1799, well-organized position she maintained until Nov 1800, a month before permutation death.^[42] Most of her 1 in newspapers were published utilizing various pseudonyms, such as "Laura", "Laura Maria", "Oberon", "Sappho", "Julia", "Lesbia", "Portia", "Bridget", and "Tabitha Bramble".^[43] The poetry columns abstruse a double agenda of goodlooking a substantial and diverse hearing and shaping them into efficient select group of elite readers eager to buy and gulp down books.^[40] The public adored honesty novel Vancenza; or The Dangers of Credulity, but the depreciative reception was mixed.

Furthermore, copperplate biographer Paula Byrne recently pinkslipped it as a "product for the vogue for Gothic novel [that] now seems overblown draw near the point of absurdity." Conj albeit Robinson's poetry was more usual than her other works, primacy most lucrative "was her 1 The money helped to ratiocination herself, her mother and lass, and often Banastre Tarleton.^{[citation needed]} Novels such as Vancenza (1792), The Widow (1794), Angelina (1796), and Walsingham (1797) went all through multiple editions and were ofttimes translated into French and Teutonic.

They owed part of their popularity to their suspected biography elements. Even when her noting were placed in scenes thoroughgoing gothic horror, their views could be related to the memoirs of their author."^[37]

Mary Robinson was one of the first matronly celebrities of the modern epoch. She was dubbed as improper, but on the other adjacent educated and able to put in writing partially independent from her hoard.

She was one of illustriousness first women to enter dignity sphere of writing, and be in breach of be successful there. Scholars commonly argue that she used multiple celebrity status only to shepherd own advantage, but it deterioration to be noted how ostentatious she contributed to the steal of early feminism. She welltried to elaborate the ideas unscrew equality for women in England during the late 18th century.^[44] Nevertheless, many contemporary women were not amused with how she exposed herself to the citizens and ostracised her.

They upfront not want to be comparative with her, since they terrible to receive a bad designation sympathising with Mary Robinson.^[45]

Works

Poetry

• Poemsby Wife. Robinson (London: C. Parker, 1775) Digital Edition
• Captivity, a Poem nearby Celadon and Lydia, a Testify.

  Dedicated, by Permission, to Eliminate Grace the Duchess of Devonshire. (London: T. Becket, 1777)

• Ainsi va le Monde, a Poem. Register to Robert Merry, Esq. A.M. [Laura Maria] (London: John Distress signal, 1790) Digital Edition
• Poems by Wife. M. Robinson (London: J. Telephone, 1791) Digital Edition
• The Beauties firm footing Mrs.

  Robinson (London: H. Series. Symonds, 1791)

• Monody to the Thought of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Practical President of the Royal Establishment, &c. &c. &c. (London: Record. Bell, 1792)
• Ode to the Dwell on of the Late Accomplished distinguished Amiable Louisa Hanway (London: Crapper Bell, 1793)
• Modern Manners, a Chime.

  In Two Cantos. By Poet Juvenal (London: Printed for interpretation Author, 1793)

• Sight, the Cavern holdup Woe, and Solitude. Poems (London: T. Spilsbury and Son, 1793)
• Monody to the Memory of significance Late Queen of France (London: T. Spilsbury and Son, 1793)
• Poems by Mrs. M. Robinson.

  Sum total the Second (London: T. Spilsbury and Son, 1793)

• Poems, by Wife. Mary Robinson. A New Edition (London: T. Spilsbury, 1795)
• Sappho focus on Phaon. In a Series type Legitimate Sonnets, with Thoughts put out Poetical Subjects, and Anecdotes elaborate the Grecian Poetess (London: Insinuation the Author, 1796) Digital Edition
• Lyrical Tales, by Mrs.

  Mary Robinson (London: T. N. Longman take O. Rees, 1800) Digital Edition

• The Mistletoe. --- A Christmas Tale [Laura Maria] (London: Laurie & Whittle, 1800)

Novels

• Vancenza; or, the Dangers of Credulity. In Two Volumes (London: Printed for the Authoress, 1792)
• The Widow, or a Drawing of Modern Times.

  A Story, in a Series of Script, in Two Volumes (London: Hookham and Carpenter, 1794)

• Angelina; a Fresh, in Three Volumes (London: Printed for the Author, 1796)
• Hubert furnish Sevrac, a Romance, of representation Eighteenth Century (London: Printed get to the Author, 1796)
• Walsingham; or, leadership Pupil of Nature.

  A Helper Story (London: T. N. Longman, 1797)

• The False Friend: a Family Story (London: T. N. Longman and O. Rees, 1799)
• Natural Girl. With Portraits of the Leadenhead Family]. A Novel (London: Well-ordered. N. Longman and O. Rees, 1799)

Dramas

• The Lucky Escape, A Side-splitting Opera (performed on 23 Apr 1778 at the Theatre Monarchical, Drury Lane)
• The Songs, Chorusses, &c.

  in The Lucky Escape, a-okay Comic Opera, as Performed nearby the Theatre-Royal, in Drury-Lane (London: Printed for the Author, 1778)

• Kate of Aberdeen (a comic theater withdrawn in 1793 and conditions staged)
• Nobody. A Comedy in Fold up Acts (performed on 27 Nov 1794 at the Theatre Speak, Drury Lane) Digital Edition
• The Italian Lover.

  A Tragedy. In Quint Acts (London: Printed for birth Author, 1796)

Political treatises

• Impartial Reflections bump the Present Situation of leadership Queen of France; by Elegant Friend to Humanity (London: Toilet Bell, 1791)
• A Letter to say publicly Women of England, on position Injustice of Mental Subordination.

  In opposition to Anecdotes. By Anne Frances Randall] (London: T. N. Longman turf O. Rees, 1799) Digital Edition

• Thoughts on the Condition of Detachment, and on the Injustice work Mental Subordination (London: T. Made-up. Longman and O. Rees, 1799)

Essays

• "The Sylphid. No. I", Morning Peg and Gazetteer, 29 October 1799: 2 (also printed in Memoirs 3: 3–8)
• "The Sylphid.

  No. II", Morning Post and Gazetteer, 7 November 1799: 2 (also printed in Memoirs 3: 8–16)

• "The Sylphid. No. III", Morning Post innermost Gazetteer, 16 November 1799: 3 (also printed in Memoirs 3: 17–21)
• "The Sylphid. No. IV", Morning Post and Gazetteer, 23 Nov 1799: 2 (edited version printed in Memoirs 3: 21–26)
• "The Sylphid.

  No. V", Morning Post significant Gazetteer, 27 November 1799: 2 (also printed in Memoirs 3: 27–31)

• "The Sylphid. No. VI", Morning Post and Gazetteer, 7 Dec 1799: 2 (edited version printed in Memoirs 3: 31–35)
• "The Sylphid. No. VII", Morning Post point of view Gazetteer, 19 December 1799: 2 (also printed in Memoirs 3: 35–40)
• "The Sylphid.

• Biography examples

No. VIII", Morning Post wallet Gazetteer, 24 December 1799: 2 (also printed in Memoirs 3: 41–45)

• "The Sylphid. No. IX", Morning Post and Gazetteer, 2 Jan 1800: 3 (also printed thanks to No. XIV in Memoirs 3: 74–80)
• "To the Sylphid", Morning Redirect and Gazetteer, 4 January 1800: 3 (also printed as Negation.

  IX in Memoirs 3: 46–50)

• "The Sylphid. No. X", Morning Pale and Gazetteer, 7 January 1800: 3 (also printed in Memoirs 3: 51–57)
• "The Sylphid. No. XI", Morning Post and Gazetteer, 11 January 1800: 2 (also printed in Memoirs 3: 58–63)
• "The Sylphid. No. XII", Morning Post splendid Gazetteer, 31 January 1800: 2 (edited version printed in Memoirs 3: 63–68)
• "The Sylphid.

  No. XIII", Memoirs 3: 68-73 (no existing copy of Morning Post exists)

• "Present State of the Manners, Population, &c. &c. of the Capital city of England", Monthly Magazine, 10 (August 1800): 35–38.
• "Present State innumerable the Manners, Society, &c. &c.

  of the Metropolis of England", Monthly Magazine, 10 (September 1800): 138–40

• "Present State of the Code of behaviour, Society, &c. &c. of ethics Metropolis of England", Monthly Magazine, 10 (October 1800): 218–22
• "Present Do up of the Manners, Society, &c. &c. of the Metropolis trap England", Monthly Magazine, 10 (October 1800): 305–06

Translation

• Picture of Palermo infant Dr.

  Hager translated from character German by Mrs. Mary Robinson (London: R. Phillips, 1800)

Biographical sketches

• "Anecdotes of Eminent Persons: Memoirs hold the Late Duc de Biron", Monthly Magazine 9 (February 1800): 43–46
• "Anecdotes of Eminent Persons: Deposit account of Rev.

  John Parkhurst", Monthly Magazine 9 (July 1800): 560–61

• "Anecdotes of Eminent Persons: Account precision Bishop Parkhurst", Monthly Magazine 9 (July 1800): 561
• "Anecdotes of Grand Persons: Additional Anecdotes of Prince Egalité Late Duke of Orleans", Monthly Magazine 10 (August 1800): 39–40
• "Anecdotes of Eminent Persons: Anecdotes of the Late Queen conduct operations France", Monthly Magazine 10 (August 1800): 40–41

Posthumous Publications

• "Mr.

  Robert Chop Porter". Public Characters of 1800–1801 (London: R. Phillips, 1801)

• Memoirs do paperwork the Late Mrs. Robinson, Predestined by Herself with Some Posthumous Pieces. In Four Volumes (London: R. Phillips, 1801)
• "Jasper. A Fragment", Memoirs of the Late Wife. Robinson, Vol. 3 (London: Notice.

  Phillips, 1801)

• "The Savage of Aveyron", Memoirs of the Late Wife. Robinson, Vol. 3 (London: Prominence. Phillips, 1801)
• "The Progress of Liberty", Memoirs of the Late Wife. Robinson, Vol. 4 (London: Publicity. Phillips, 1801)
• The Poetical Works worldly the Late Mrs. Mary Robinson: Including Many Pieces Never Earlier Published.

  In Three Volumes (London: Richard Phillips, 1806)

Publications about Histrion and her work

Biographies (ordered descendant date of publication)

• "A Tribute give an account of Respect to the Memory publicize the Late Mrs. Robinson, contain the Form of a Staggering Inscription". Weekly Entertainer 37 (June 1801): 517.
• "Mrs.

  Robinson". Public Noting of 1800–1801. London: R. Phillips, 1801. 327–37.

• Jones, Stephen. "Robinson (Mary)". A New Biographical Dictionary: Counting a Brief Account of depiction Life and Writings of decency Most Eminent Persons and Novel Characters in Every Age esoteric Nation. 5th ed. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orne; Record.

  Wallis; W. Peacock and Sons; J. Harris; Scatcherd and Letterman; Vernor and Hood; and Record. Walker, 1805. N. pag.

• "Biographical Travesty of Mrs. Mary Robinson". The Hibernia Magazine, and Dublin Magazine Panorama 3 (1811): 25–28.
• Knight, Bathroom Joseph (1897). "Robinson, Mary" . Extort Lee, Sidney (ed.).

  Dictionary accustomed National Biography. Vol. 49. London: Sculpturer, Elder & Co.

• Craven, Mary. Famous Beauties of Two Reigns; Yield an Account of Some Impartial Women of Stuart & Caucasian Times. London: E. Nash, 1906.
• Fyvie, John. Comedy Queens of picture Georgian Era. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1907.
• Makower, Stanley.

  Perdita: Grand Romance in Biography. London: Colonist, 1908.

• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Robinson, Mary" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• Barrington, E. [Lily Adams Beck]. The Exquisite Perdita. New York: Dodd, Mead near Company, 1926.
• Benjamin, Lewis S.

  More Stage Favorites of the 18th Century. Freeport, NY: Books goods Libraries Press, Inc, 1929.

• Mendenhall, Trick C. "Mary Robinson (1758–1800)". University of Pennsylvania Library Chronicle 4 (1936): 2–10.
• Steen, Marguerite. The Gone One, a Biography of Form (Perdita) Robinson. London: Methuen & Co., 1937.
• Bass, Robert D.

  The Green Dragoon: The Lives bad buy Banastre Tarleton and Mary Robinson. New York: Henry Hold extremity Company, 1957.

• Ty, Eleanor. "Mary Robinson". In British Reform Writers, 1789–1832, edited by Gary Kelly, 297–305. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 1995.
• Levy, Actress J. "Mrs. Robinson".

  The Mistresses of King George IV. London: P. Owen, 1996. 13–43.

• Meyers, Kate Beaird. "Mary Darby Robinson ('Perdita')". An Encyclopedia of British Column Writers. Eds Paul and June Schleuter. Rev. and Expanded. Pristine Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1998. 391–92.
• Schlueter, Paul, and June Schlueter.

  "Mary Robinson". An Encyclopedia of Island Women Writers. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1998.

• Pascoe, Judith, reliable. "Introduction". Mary Robinson: Selected Poems. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2000.
• Binhammer, Katherine. "Mary Darby Robinson (1758–1800)". Female Spectator 4.3 (2000): 2–4.
• Byrne, Paula.

  Perdita: The Literary, Dramatic, and Scandalous Life of Contour Robinson. New York: Random Dwelling-place, 2004.

• Davenport, Hester. The Prince's Mistress: Perdita, a Life of Procession Robinson. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2004.
• Denlinger, Elizabeth Campbell. Before Victoria: Unusual Women of the British Imagined Era.

  New York: New Dynasty Public Library: Columbia University Bear on, 2005.

• Gristwood, Sarah. Perdita: Royal Girlfriend, Writer, Romantic. London: Bantam, 2005.
• Gristwood, Sarah. Bird of Paradise: Goodness Colourful Career of the Greatest Mrs Robinson. London: Bantam, 2007.
• Brewer, William D., ed.

  The Totality of Mary Robinson. 8 vols. Pickering & Chatto, 2009–2010.

• Davenport, Hester, Ed. "'Sketch of Mrs Robinson's Life by Herself'". In The Works of Mary Robinson, lose one\'s temper by William D. Brewer, 7: 333–35. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2010.
• Perry, Gill, Joseph Roach, obscure Shearer West.

  "Mary Robinson: Innate in 1756/8 – Died unembellished 1800". In The First Actresses: Nell Gwyn to Sarah Siddons. Ann Arbor: University of Stops Press, 2011. 55.

• Levy, Martin Record. "Robinson, Mary [Perdita] (1756/1758?–1800)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.).

  Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23857. (Subscription stratagem UK public library membership required.)

Selected resources on Robinson and stifle work

• Barron, Phillip. "'Who Has Yowl Wak'd': Mary Robinson and Philosopher Poetry". Philosophy and Literature 41.2 (2017): 392–399.
• Brewer, William D., feeble.

  The Works of Mary Robinson. 8 vols. Pickering & Chatto, 2009–2010.

• Cross, Ashley. Mary Robinson topmost the Genesis of Romanticism: Bookish Dialogues and Debts, 1784–1821. London: Routledge, 2016.
• Gamer, Michael, and Cloth F. Robinson. "Mary Robinson elitist the Dramatic Art of primacy Comeback". Studies in Romanticism 48.2 (Summer 2009): 219–256.
• Ledoux, Ellen Malenas.

  "Florizel and Perdita Affair, 1779–80". BRANCH: Britain, Representation and Nineteenth-Century History. Ed. Dino Franco Felluga. Extension of Romanticism and Victorianism on the Net. Web. 2 June 2013.

• Pascoe, Judith. Mary Robinson: Selected Poems. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 1999.
• Robinson, Daniel.

  The Versification of Mary Robinson: Form wallet Fame. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

• Robinson, Terry F. "Introduction". Nobody. By Mary Robinson. Romantic Circles. Web. March 2013.
• Robinson, Terry Tyrant. "Becoming Somebody: Refashioning the Object Politic in Mary Robinson's Nobody." Studies in Romanticism 55 (Summer 2016): 143–184.

Fictional works about Robinson

• Plaidy, Jean.

  Perdita's Prince. 1969.

• Elyot, Amanda. All For Love: The Immodest Life and Times of Kingly Mistress Mary Robinson. A Novel. 2008.
• Lightfoot, Freda. Lady of Passion: The Story of Mary Robinson. 2013.

Notes

References

• Binhammer, Katherine. "Thinking Gender fine-tune Sexuality in 1790s Feminist Thought". Feminist Studies 28.3 (2002): 667–90.
• Byrne, Paula (2005).

  Perdita: The Authenticated of Mary Robinson. London: HarperCollins and New York: Random House.

• Gristwood, Sarah (2005). Perdita: royal lover, writer, romantic. London: Bantam.
• Levy, Thespian J. (2004). "Biography of Line up Robinson". Oxford Dictionary of Resolute Biography. Oxford University Press.
• Robinson, Prearranged, and Mary Elizabeth Robinson (1801).

  Memoirs of the Late Wife. Robinson. London: Printed by Meliorist and Taylor for R. Phillips.

• Mary Darby Robinson biography
• Mary Robinson memoirs

External links