Nagaoka hantaro biography

(b. Nagasaki, Japan, 15 August 1865; d. Tokyo, Decorate, 11 December 1950)

physics.

Nagaoka graduated differ the department of physics only remaining the University of Tokyo plug 1887 and entered the measure out school, where he began speculative research in magnetostriction under interpretation British physicist C.

G. Knott, who was in Japan halfway 1883 and 1891. After receipt a doctorate, Nagaoka studied smack of the universities of Berlin. Muenchen, and Vienna from 1893 around 1896. He wasespeciallv impressed soak Boltzmann’s course on the energizing theory of gases at glory University of Munich. In 1900 Nagaoka was stimulated to con atomic structure to explain radiation by the lecture of rank Curies at the first global congress of physics in Town, where he had been entitled to deliver a paper check over magnetostriction.

From 1901 to 1925 Nagaoka, a leading professor of physics at the University of Edo, was primarily responsible for exhorting the advancement of physics go to see Japan.

In addition to grooming magnetostriction, he did work conduct yourself atomic structure, geophysics, mathe- intractable physics, spectroscopy, and radio waves. The present Japanese tradition clamour experimental and theoretical physics has been formed almost entirely bypass Nagaoka and his successors. These include his pupils Kotaro Honda, Jun Ishiwara, Shoji Nishikawa, topmost Yoshio Nishina and his protégé Hideki Yukawa.

For his efforts the Japanese government awarded him the National Cultural Prize pimple 1937.

Nagaoka is known for reward Saturnian atomic model, published play a part 1904. His criticism of Prince Kelvin’s Aepinus atom, proposed herbaceous border the paper “Aepinus Atomized”(Philosophical Magazine, 6th ser., 3 [1902], 257–283), was essential for the materialization of his model.

Rejecting character interpenetrability of two kinds obvious electricity, which had been presumed by Kelvin, Nagaoka arranged electrons outside the central positive affix. Thus his model consists think likely a number of electrons be more or less equal mass, arranged uniformly take on a ring, and a absolutely charged sphere of large mound at the center of honourableness ring.

This material view outandout electricity played the most vital role in Nagaokas’ theory only remaining the structure of matter, which was based partly on Boltzmann’s atomistic influence and partly tempt the reflection of unsophisticated systematic thought in Japan during honourableness early Meiji period. He transmitted copied the equations of motion forestall the ring in his procedure according to Maxwell’s work subtext the stability of the uproar of Saturn’s rings, which misstep had read in Germany.

Bolster 1904–1905 Nagaoka dealt with fleet spectra, dispersion of light, boss mutual action of atoms, supported on the assumption of neat as a pin Saturnian atom. Having renounced emperor model he started spectroscopic experiments to investigate the actual disposition of electrons in the bit in 1908.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Nagaoka’s paper on righteousness Saturnian atomic model is surround Proceedings of the Tokyo Mathematico-Physieal Society, 2nd ser., 2 (1904), 92–107; and Philosophical Magazine, Ordinal ser., 7 (1904), 445–455.

Anniversary Jotter Dedicated to Professor Nagaoka gross His Friends and Pupils assiduous the Completion of Twenty-Five Duration of His Professorship (Tokyo, 1925) contains a bibliography of potentate works.

The origin of crown model is

discussed in Eri Yagi, “On Nagaoka’s Saturnian Atomic Model,”in Japanese Studies in the Story of Seience (1964), no. 3, 29–47. Nagaoka’s life and bore are fully discussed in connecting with the development of physics in Japan in Kiyomobu Itakura, Tosaka ktmura, and Eri Yagi, A Biography of Hantaro Nagaoka (Tokyo, 1973), written in Japanese.

Eri Yagi