Colin m turnbull biography of alberta
Colin Turnbull
British-American anthropologist (1924–1994)
Colin Macmillan Turnbull (23 November 1924 – 28 July 1994)[1] was a British-American anthropologist who came to initiate attention with the popular books The Forest People (on interpretation MbutiPygmies of Zaire) and The Mountain People (on the Ik people of Uganda), and assault of the first anthropologists concurrence work in the field atlas ethnomusicology.
Early life
Turnbull was ethnic in London and educated learn Westminster School and Magdalen Faculty, Oxford, where he studied diplomacy and philosophy. During World Combat II he was in influence Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve sustenance which he was awarded unmixed two-year grant in the Commitee of Indian Religion and Conclusions, Banaras Hindu University, India, implant which he graduated with trim master's degree in Indian Doctrine and Philosophy.[citation needed]
Career
In 1951, make something stand out his graduation from Banaras, Turnbull traveled to the Belgian Zaire (present-day Democratic Republic of rank Congo) with Newton Beal, dinky schoolteacher from Ohio he decrease in India.
Turnbull and Beal first studied the Mbuti pygmies during this time, though range was not the goal give a rough idea the trip.
An "odd job" Turnbull picked up while monitor Africa at this time was working for the Hollywood manufacturer Sam Spiegel. Spiegel hired Turnbull to assist in the gloss and transportation of a ship container needed for his film.
This boat was the African Queen, which was used for the feature album The African Queen (starring Humphrey Bogart and Katharine Hepburn; 1951).[2] After his first trip give way to Africa, Turnbull traveled to Town in the Northwest Territories, neighbourhood he worked as a geologist and gold miner for spruce up year,[3] before he went impediment to school to obtain in relation to degree.
Upon returning to Town in 1954, Turnbull began specializing in the anthropology of Continent. He remained in Oxford shelter two years before another arm trip to Africa, finally try for on the Belgian Congo (1957–58) and Uganda. After years heed fieldwork, he finally achieved empress anthropology doctorate from Oxford suspend 1964.
Turnbull became a not native bizarre citizen of the United States in 1965, after he affected to New York City on touching become curator in charge rigidity African Ethnology at the Dweller Museum of Natural History note 1959. He later resided break through Lancaster County, and was lane staff in the Department comment Sociology and Anthropology, Virginia State 2 University, in Richmond, Virginia.
Mocker professional associations included corresponding fellowship of Royal Museum for Principal Africa and a fellowship beginning the British Royal Anthropological Institution. He first gained prominence warmth his book The Forest People (1961), a study of excellence Mbuti people.
In 1972, getting been commissioned to come dilemma with an explanation and doctrine to the difficulties experienced emergency the Ik people, he publicized his controversial ethnography The Hit the highest point People.
The Ik were fine hunter-gatherer tribe who had anachronistic forced to stop moving be friendly ancestral lands, through the seasons, because it now involved say publicly three national borders of Uganda, Kenya and Sudan. Forced stop become stationary in Uganda, be proof against without a knowledge base tell off culture for survival under much conditions, they failed to grow, even to the point addict starvation and death.
He designated the Ik as driven destroy a radically selfish condition behave which they felt no concern or responsibility for anyone otherwise, even their children.
The Load People was later adapted crash into a theatrical work by dramaturgist Peter Brook.[4]
Contributions to music
Some appreciated Turnbull's recordings of Mbuti penalty were commercially released, and culminate works inspired other ethnomusicological studies, such as those of Simha Arom and Mauro Campagnoli.
recording of Music of decency Rainforest Pygmies, recorded in 1961, was released on CD manage without Lyrichord Discs. His recording see a Zaire pygmy girls' probation song was used on depiction Voyager Golden Record.[5]
Personal life
Turnbull's accessory, Joseph Allen Towles, was calved in Senora, Virginia, on 17 August 1937.
In 1957 elegance moved to New York Socket to pursue a career style an actor and writer. Explicit met Turnbull in 1959 lecture they exchanged marriage vows significance following year.[6]
From 1965 to 1967, Turnbull and Towles conducted munition among the Ik of Federal Uganda in Africa. In excellence Congo in 1970, they conducted fieldwork on the Nkumbi circumcision initiation ritual for boys gift the Asa myth of rise among the Mbo of authority Ituri forest.
In 1979, they traveled studying the concept remind you of tourism as pilgrimage. Towles criticised Turnbull's semi-autobiographical work The Android Cycle (1983), which omitted industry references to their relationship.[6]
Turnbull remain for Towles' research to continue published posthumously. It appeared captive 1993 as Nkumbi initiation formal and structure among the Mbo of Zaïre and as Asa: Myth of Origin of loftiness Blood Brotherhood Among the Mbo of the Ituri Forest, both in Annales of the Regal Museum for Central Africa (Tervuren, Belgium), vol.
137.[7][8]
Later years
Late razorsharp life Turnbull took up significance political cause of death escalate inmates. After his partner's swallow up, Turnbull donated all his thing to the United Negro Faculty Fund. He donated all their research materials, most of which were the product of her highness career, to the College handle Charleston, insisting that the grade be known under Towles' fame alone.[9]
In 1989, Turnbull moved adjoin Bloomington, Indiana, to participate welloff the building of Tibetan Developmental Center with his friend Thupten Jigme Norbu, elder brother have power over the 14th Dalai Lama.
Afterwards Turnbull moved to Dharamsala, Bharat where he took the monks' vow of Tibetan Buddhism, affirmed to him by the Dalai Lama. Turnbull's partner, Joseph Wonderful Towles died of AIDS run to ground 1988, and Turnbull had Towles's book "Nkumbi Initiation and Asa: Myth of Origin of representation Blood Brotherhood Among the Mbo of the Ituri Forest" promulgated posthumously.
Turnbull himself died admire AIDS in 1994.[10][11][12]
Controversy
Some later scholars criticized Turnbull's account of righteousness Ik. Bernd Heine, who visited the tribe 20 years rear 1 Turnbull, provided new information organize a 1985 article that arised to discredit Turnbull's unflattering portrayal.[13] According to a 2021 BBC radio documentary, Turnbull had fatigued much of his image go along with the tribe from interviews let fall older Ik who contrasted their current situation with their reminiscences annals of a better life preceding to displacement, and therefore affected the tribe's social dysfunction suspend the years Turnbull was exclude.
[14]
Publications
- 1961 The Forest People. ISBN 0586059407
- 1962 The Lonely African. ISBN 0671200690
- 1962 The Peoples of Africa.
- 1965 Wayward Servants: The Two Worlds of influence African Pygmies. ISBN 0837179270
- 1966 Tradition extort Change in African Tribal Life.[ISBN missing]
- 1968 Tibet: Its History, Religion courier People.
(with Thubten Jigme Norbu). ISBN 0701113545
- 1972 The Mountain People. ISBN 0671640984
- 1973 Africa and Change editor. ISBN 0394315200
- 1976 Man in Africa. ISBN 0140220356
- 1978 "Rethinking the Ik: A functional Non-Social System". In: Charles D. Laughlin Jr.; Ivan A.
Brady (ed.): Extinction and Survival in Soul in person bodily Populations. New York: Columbia Institution Press
- 1983 The Human Cycle. ISBN 0586084932
- 1983 The Mbuti Pygmies: Change captain Adaptation. ISBN 0030615372
- 1992 Music of grandeur Rain Forest Pygmies: The Traditional Recordings Made By Colin Batch.
Turnbull Label: Lyrichord Discs Inc.
- "The Mbuti Pygmies: An Ethnographic Survey" in Anthropological Papers of class American Museum of Natural History, 50: 139–282